成人高考高起点英语语法归纳与练习（七）
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二、-ING分词与-ED分词的区别
虽然在语法功能上，-ED分词在句子中所能承担的成分基本与-ING分词相同，但在意义上两者有差别：-ING分词表示主动的意义，而-ED分词则表示被动的意义;-ING分词表示一般性的或正在进行的动作，而-ED分词则表示已经完成和被动的动作。在表现形式上，-ING分词有“一般式”和“完成式”与“主动式”和“被动式”之分;而-ED分词只有一种形式。下边我们分析-ING分词与-ED分词在语法功用上的区别。
1. 作表语时，-ING分词表示主语所具有的特征而-ED分词表示主语所处的状态
The book is quite interesting. I am insteredted in the book very much.
The play is more exciting than any I have
ever seen. That piece of land lay deserted.
2. 作状语时-ING分词表示主语正在进行的另一动作而-ED分词则表示主语发生动作的背景或情况 11) In his movies，W. C. Fields was always at war with the world， .
[A] battling both people and objects
[B] both people and objects were battled
[C] he was battling both people and objects
[D] both people and objects that were battled
13) Having been served lunch， .转自环 球 网 校edu24ol.com
[A] the problem was discussed by the members of the committee
[B] the committee members discussed the problem
[C] it was discussed by the committee members the problem
[D] a discussion of the problem was made by the members of the committee
12) for her anthropological research，Margaret Mead also was involved with the World Federation for Mental Health.
[A] She is noted primarily
[B] Noted primarily
[C] Primarily is noted
[D] She primarily noted
14) Considered one of the leading poets in America today， .
[A] a number of books and plays have also been written by Sonia Sanchez
[B] Sonia Sanchez has also written a number of books and plays
[C] a number of Sonia Sanchez's books and plays have been written
[D] there have been a number of books and plays written by Sonia Sanchez
3. ①作定语时，-ING分词表示正在进行的动作，而-ED分词表示动作发生在谓语动词之前;②-ING分词表示它所修饰的词经常或当时的状态，而-ED分词则没有时间性;③-ING分词表示主动，而-ED分词表示被动
15) The boiled
[A] point of any liquid
[B] is determined
[C] by the pressure
[D] of the surrounding gases.转自环 球 网 校edu24ol.com
16) High-grade
[A] written
[B] paper is frequently
[C] obtained
[D] from cotton rags.
17) Scientists
[A] still cannot find
[B] any convinced
[C] link between intelligence
[D] and the quantity or quality of brain cells.
4. 但少数几个动词的-ED分词，有两种形式而且在意义上有差别，如：bear的-ED分词有born和borne之分，前者只用于“出生”的意义，而后者用于“负担”，“负荷”，“承担”和“传送”之意
I was born in 1966.
His borne responsibility to the whole workers of the factory is really great.
再如：hang的-ED分词也有两种，一是hung，另一形式是hanged， 前者表示“悬挂”，后者表示“吊死，绞死”。strike的-ED分词也有两种：struck和striken， 前者有“打击”“冲击”“感动”等义，而striken只用作形容词，表示“受折磨”之意。
来自及物动词的-ED分词所表示的是被动意义;来自不及物动词的-ED分词则可表示主动和完成的意义：fallen leaves (落叶)，a full-blown rose (盛开的玫瑰)， escaped prinsoners(逃犯)， the exploded bomb， her deceased husband， the retired workers， the vanished jewels， the newly arrived visitors， the returned students， the risen sun.
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