成人高考高起点英语语法归纳与练习（四）
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lesson 19 ――ed分词(一)
内 容 提 要
-ED分词即我们平常所说的动词过去分词。它有两种形式：规则动词形式和不规则动词形式。规则动词形式由规则动词+-ED构成;不规则动词有其特殊的-ED分词。在语法功能上，它在句子中所能承担的成分基本与-ING分词相同，可以作表语，定语，状语，也可以用在复合结构中，不管它作什么成分，其最基本的含义是“被动”的。-ED分词在语法功能和意义上与-ING分词有一定的区别。
第一节 -ED分词的用法
一、-ED分词作表语转自环 球 网 校edu24ol.com
The glass is broken. / He was amused. / She seemed quite disappointed. / He is greatly discouraged by her refusal of inviting her to the party. / The window remains locked.
已经形容词化了的-ED分词大都作表语，常见的有：accomplished， amazed， amused， astonished， broken， closed， completed， complicated， confused， crowded， deserted， devoted， disappointed， discouraged， dressed， drunk， exhausted， excited， experienced， fadded， fascinated， frightened， hurt， inexperienced， interested， known， learned， lost， married， pleased， puzzled， qualified， satisfied， surprised， tired， unprepared， unqualified， unkown， upset， worried， wounded等。
二、作定语的-ED分词
-ED分词可以作前置定语也可以作后置定语，作后置定语时相当于一个定语从句
1) Commercial banks make most of their income from interest on loans and investments in stocks and bonds.
[A] earn
[B] earned
[C] to earn
[D] was earned
2) On his return from his college， he found the house .
[A] deserting
[B] deserted
[C] desert
[D] to be deserted
3) The age
[A] of a geological sample can be estimated
[B] from the ratio of radioactive to nonradioactive carbon present
[C] in the object is examined
[D] .
三、用作状语的-ED分词
这样的-ED分词通常来自及物动词。-ED分词用作状语时，跟-ING分词作状语时一样，修饰主句的谓语动词，意义上相当于状语从句，表示时间，条件，原因，伴随状况等。-ED分词结构作状语，前边往往可以加when，while，if，as if，though.这时，我们可以把-ED分词结构理解为一个省略句，即省去了“主语和be的变化形式”。一般说来，这种结构的逻辑主语必须与主句的主语一致。转自环 球 网 校edu24ol.com
1. 表示时间
4) Inaugurated a second time on March 4， 1901， focused on domestic rather than foreign policies.
[A] William McKinley's new term looked forward to and
[B] the new term looked forward to William McKinley and
[C] looking forward to a new term was William McKinley
[D] William McKinley looked forward to a new term
2. 表示条件
5) under a microscope，a fresh snowflake has a delicate sixpointed shape.
[A] Seen
[B] Sees
[C] Seeing
[D] To see
6) to steel，chromium(铬) increases the metal's hardness.
[A] Added
[B] In addition
[C] Adding
[D] Adds
7) enough food and water， they could have beaten the enemy.
[A] Being given
[B] Given
[C] Give
[D] To give3. 表示原因
8) Encouraged by his mother， .
[A] art was studied in Florence by John Singer Sargent
[B] Florence was where John Singer Sargent studied art
[C] the study of art in Florence by John Singer Sargent
[D] John Singer Sargent studied art in Florence.
9) by the decision， the lawyer quickly left the court room.
[A] Angering
[B] Having angered
[C] Being angry
[D] Angered
10) Written in great haste， .
[A] Jim made a lot of mistakes in the report
[B] there are plenty of errors in the report
[C] we found several mistakes in his report
[D] the books is full of errors.
4. 表示伴随状况：-ED分词结构作状语表示伴随状况时，没有适当的分句可替换
11) was not incorporated as a city until almost two centuries later，in 1834.
[A] Settling Brooklyn，the Dutch
[B] The Dutch settled Brooklyn
[C] Brooklyn was settled by the Dutch
[D] Settled by the Dutch，Brooklyn
12) Anna was reading a piece of science fiction， completely to the outside world.
[A] being lost
[B] having lost
[C] losing
[D] lost5. 表示让步
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