成人高考专升本英语复习笔记：动词(6)
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(十一) 将来完成时$lesson$
表示在将来某一时间之前完成的动作，并往往对将来某一时间产生影响。
将来完成时的谓语形式： will (shall) have+ 过去分词
I shall have finished reading the book by the end of this week.
Before long， he will have forgotten all about the matter.(before long 不久)
How many words will you have learnt by the end of the term?
When we get there they'll probably have left.转自环 球 网 校edu24ol.com
He will have finished his term paper by the end of this month.
1. My niece has been to Sumatra(苏门达腊) and Iran(伊朗) as well as all of Europe. By the time she's twenty， she ______ almost everywhere.
A. will be B. would be C. will have been D. would have been
答案 C
2. By the time you get to Greenwich you ________ the most historic parts of London.
A. will be seeing B. will see
C. are going to see D. will have seen
答案 D
主要复习了动词的十一个时态。重点记忆主句将来时，时间状语从句、条件状语从句用一般现在时。现在完成时中for和since的区别，for接一段连续的时间状语，since接过去时句子或过去的时间状语。有for或since的现在完成时句子中，动词只可以是表延续的动词。现在完成进行时可以接所有的动词。
进行时态的运用往往根据上下文来决定。
Be quiet， everybody. The students of Class One are having a listening test.
When I was cooking these potatoes， I forgot to put any salt in it.
在运用完成时态时，应特别注意表示瞬息间动作的动词不能与for 引导的一段时间状语连用。
瞬息间动词往往须换成"be+副词/介词结构"的形式，或选用句式"It is / has been + 时间状语 + since ……"来表态。
1."Have the visitors arrived?"
"Yes， they have been here for an hour."转自环 球 网 校edu24ol.com
2.By the time we got to the cinema， the film _______ for half an hour.
A. has begun B. had begun C. has been on D. had been on
(begun不表延续，答案 D)
3.It has been less than three months since she joined the army. / she has been in the army for less than three months.(不能说 She has joined the army for less than three months.)
过去完成时也是一个相对的时态，是在过去的某个时间或动作之前发生的事。
1.He has already gone home. But before he left， he _________ all the mistakes in his translation.
A. had corrected B. has corrected C. would correct D. will correct
(答案 A)
2.He showed me the pictures he had taken of the animals the day before.
过去将来时也是一个相对的时态，是在过去的某个时间看将要发生的事。
I had a discussion with my tutor and hoped he would give us an early reply.
He said they were going to spend the weekend in the countryside.
四、被动语态
(一)被动语态的构成：be+过去分词
一般现在时 am / is / are +过去分词
一般过去时 was / were +过去分词
一般将来时 shall / will + be +过去分词
过去将来时 should / would + be +过去分词
现在进行时 am / is / are + being +过去分词
过去进行时 was / were + being +过去分词
现在完成时 have / has + been +过去分词
过去完成时 had been +过去分词
情态动词 情态动词+ be +过去分词
(二)被动语态的基本用法
当句子的主语和谓语呈被动关系，即主语是动作的承受者时(相对于执行者)，谓语要用被动语态。具体说来，被动语态主要用于以下两种情况：
1.不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者。
Printing was introduced into Europe from China.
Such books are written for children.
Everything has been taken away.
When will the museum be opened for the public?
I was born in 1980.
2.动作的承受者是谈话的中心。
The composition was written with great care.
These questions are settled through negotiation.(negotiation 谈判)
The flowers will be planted next week.
He is said to be a good teacher.
For this he was often made fun of.(make fun of 开玩笑)
若要同时将动作的执行者表达出来，往往可以在执行者前面加上by.
I'm puzzled by what the teacher has said.
The door was locked by me when I left the room last night.
The construction of the road has been held up by a flood.(hold up 阻碍、阻挡)
He was sent to school by his parents when he was only five years old.
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