MBA英语阅读之找关键词

　　 【摘要】在文章的浏览(即略读，skimming)过程中，对文中信息重要性的判断可以帮助读者快速有效地了解段落的大意。在浏览过程中，读者可以通过寻找“信号词”(Key Words)来区分重要信息和非重要信息。

　　1.以下词组提示下文所涉及的重要信息：

　　The main / important point / conclusion / reason….

　　The point to note here…

　　eg. Resilience has not historically been the country’s economic strong point. As recently as 2001, GDP fell by over 7%. It fell by more than 5% in 1994, and by just under 5% in 1999. Indeed, throughout the 1990s growth oscillated like an electrocardiogram recording a violent heart attack. This irregularity has been one of the main reasons (along with red tape and corruption) why the country has failed dismally to attract much-needed foreign direct investment. Its stock of such investment (as a percentage of GDP) is lower now than it was in the 1980s, and annual inflows have scarcely ever reached $1 billion (whereas Ireland attracted over $25 billion in 2003, as did Brazil in every year from 1998 to 2000).

　　2.以下词组提示了下文的结构框架：

　　There are three major reasons…

　　eg. There were three major reasons for me to come to Florence: learning the Italian language, Machiavelli, and Italian wine. My grasp of the language is now good enough to use in everyday life more or less without problems. Machiavelli has so far eluded me in the sense that I expected there to be at least one or two classes on Machiavelli that I could take, and unfortunately this spring there is only one class on Renaissance philosophy, and it’s not Machiavelli. Finally, I have learned a bit about Italian wine.

　　3.but 和 however表示对比，常常用来提示重要信息，例如：

　　eg1.

　　The rising birth rate is not due to increased fertility, but to a sharp decline in the death rate.

　　eg2.

　　I am graduated in US University, like every US students, I want to join Harvard MBA ! However, I would say UNCC MBA is the most realistic choice in HK.

　　4.在文中提问可以突出问题后的答案，提示读者答案中有重要信息，例如：

　　eg1.

　　Why is a piped water supply so important? Disease due to contaminated water is a common cause of death in childhood.

　　eg2.

　　Why most business owners never make any money and reach the level of success that they could? I believe there are 3 major reasons

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　　 【摘要】在文章的浏览(即略读，skimming)过程中，对文中信息重要性的判断可以帮助读者快速有效地了解段落的大意。在浏览过程中，读者可以通过寻找“信号词”(Key Words)来区分重要信息和非重要信息。

　　5.有时，为了保证读者完全理解自己的观点，作者会在文中反复提出自己的观点，例如：

　　Death control can be achieved autonomously. In other words, the death rate can be cut without anything else changing.

　　6. 表示原因的词要牢记(常考点)：

　　owing to, due to, because, because of, in that, but for, without, thanks to, for

　　表示目的的词要掌握：

　　in order to, so as to, in order that, so that, to, for,

　　表示结果的词要熟知：

　　as a result, resultantly, consequently, at last, in the end, end up in

　　7.文章的结论通常是非常重要的，也是出题人喜欢设置埋伏的理想位置，因此，要在文中寻找提示结论的“信号词”，例如：

　　Therefore/the result/in conclusion/we can conclude

　　one of the primary conclusions is that…/in a word

　　eg. The literature review presented by Elizabeth Condie, PT, FCSP, provided a critical appraisal of the general information, practicality, reliability, validity, scaling, and bias of 28 key articles published in the last 10 years. One conclusion to be drawn from the literature is that there is currently no gold standard or consensus opinion on the most appropriate measure in LLP.

　　8.举例是为了帮助读者理解某一个观点，因此，文中的例子不是浏览文章时的重要信息。在阅读过程中，以下词组提示读者下文是举例部分信息。

　　For example/instance/like

　　Such as/these include

　　To illustrate/among/ these are

　　有时，作者也会用破折号或括号来提示举例信息，例如：

　　eg1 The developing countries are dependent on cash crops – sugar, coffee, cacao, cotton.

　　eg2. Precipitating/violent/unexpected factors are those which reduce the food supply (droughts, floods, wars, epidemics)…

　　更重要的是，如果某一观点里面生词过多从而看不懂，则可以从其所列举的例子来理解该观点：

　　eg3. A qualified accountant (ACA, ACMA, CPA, ACCA) ideally with post graduate business education (an MBA for example... ) Platform to deliver financial

　　在段落浏览时，读者在看到信号词后，应不断对下文信息作出相应的判断，例如：

　　The main reason for (TIPS：下文信息重要) the reduction in the death rate in the developing world has been improved public health measures. For example, (TIPS ：下文信息不重要，仅仅是为了用来证明前面的观点) in Sri Lanka the death rate was halved over ten years by spraying the mosquitoes which carry malaria. 　　Why (TIPS ：问题的答案中有读者应该关注的重点) is it so easy to cut the death rate in this way and yet so hard to reduce the birth rate? One answer (TIPS ：这只是众多答案中的一种，并不是最重要的。) is that public health measures can be very cheap. Anti-malarial spraying is inexpensive. But this is not the important point (TIPS ：but后面的是非常重要的信息). For birth control programmes to be successful, a change in attitude is required, whereas death control can be achieved autonomously. In other words, (TIPS ：这里是作者想要强调的重要信息) the death rate can be cut without anything else changing.

　　标点符号的作用：

　　1.“。”句号，分隔句子。以“。”为单位，把段分隔成块，而后逐个击破。

　　2.“，”逗号，两个逗号之间是补充说明成份时，在阅读过程中可以跳过去不读。英文中的逗号是无力连接两个句子的，

　　3.“：”冒号，后面进一步补充说明前面的内容，冒号的前后有一个从抽象到具体的过程。

　　4.“;”分号，并列结构，语义上的并列，结构上的并列。

　　5.“——”破折号，两个“——”之间是补充说明成份，可以先不去读。

　　6.““””引号，引用某人的观点，反讽，讽刺。引用的目的：不论是正面还是反面引述都是为了说明核心概念、中心思想。否则就没有意义。

　　7.“()”补充说明，解释生词。

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