自考英语（一）语法辅导：被动语态详解(1)
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被动语态
被动语态的句子中的主语是动作的承受者，即行为的对象。转自环 球 网 校edu24ol.com
被动语态的构成是由助动词be加上及物动词的过去分词。be的人称和数要和句中主语一致，并表现出时态特征。
凡是不愿或不必说出主动者时，使用被动语态。此外，在强调或突出动作对象时，常使用被动语态。
1.用法
(1)一般现在时
A statement of owners' equity is frequently prepared to accompany the balance sheet and income statement. 通常编写所有者权益表随同资产负债表和收益表。
All our shoes are made by hand. 我厂出品的鞋都是手工制造的。
The article is retailed at a higher price than when it was bought wholesale. 物品的零售价高于购进时的批发价。
(2)一般过去时
She was praised for her economical management of the budget. 她因对预算的管理有方而被表扬。
An urgent telephone call was made to the company's treasure. 公司财务收到一个紧急电话。
(3)一般将来时
Your will be introduced to the office building. 将向您介绍办公大楼。
Will storekeepers be prosecuted for raising prices without government permission? 店主会不会因未得到政府许可提价而被起诉?
(4)过去将来时
She told me that her father would be taken to hospital the next morning. 她告诉我第二天早晨她的父亲将被送到医院去。
(5)现在完成时
These trade terms have been developed by mercantile custom and standardized to a certain extent. 这些贸易条款是在商业惯例中形成并在一定程度上标准化了的。转自环 球 网 校edu24ol.com
The consumers should unlearn the propoganda with which they have been fed by the advertizers. 消费者应当摒弃广告商所作的广泛的宣传。
(6)过去完成时
They told him that the meeting had been cancelled. 他们告诉他会议已被取消。
(7)现在进行时
In some developed countries， children are being taught by computers. 在一些发达国家，孩子们的课程是用计算机讲授的。
Computers are being used to predict the weather. 计算机正被用来预测天气。
(8)过去进行时
The conversation was being recorded. 那时在对那次谈话进行录音。
The street was being widened. 街道那时在加宽。
The problem was being studied. 那时在研究这个问题。
(9)有两个宾语的主动结构变被动结构
We allowed them a commission of 5 per cent. 我们给他们5%的手续费。
① They were allowed a commission of 5 per cent.
② A commission of 5 per cent was allowed them by us.
We shall give Mr. John a warm welcome. 我们将热烈欢迎约翰先生。
① Mr. John will be given a warm welcome.
② A warm welcome will be given to Mr. John.
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