2010年成人学位英语语法讲解：句法分析
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一、句法分析
1、主语：是句子要说明的人或物,可以作主语的成分有名词，主语一般在句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家!
v 1) Mr. Lee is a well-known scientist.名词作主语
v 2) He reads newspapers everyday.代词作主语
v 3) Two and ten is twelve.数词作主语
v 4) Smoking is harmful to the health.动名词作主语
v 5) To swim in that pool is a great pleasure.动词不定式作主语
v 6) What we shall do next is not yet decided.从句作主语
2、谓语: 说明主语的动作，状态或特征
v 1) The new term begins on the 1st of September.
v 2) His father is an engineer.
v 3) She seemed happy.转自环 球 网 校edu24ol.com
v 4) Li Hua showed me his album.
3、宾语:指的是及物动词涉及到的人或物
v 1) Wang Ling lent me a novel to read in the bus.
v 2) The medicine is good for a cold.
v 3) How many pieces do you want?
v 4) My little sister always likes to ask questions.
v 5) Would you mind coming earlier tomorrow?
v 6) He asked me what I was going to do tonight
4、宾语补足语:在宾语后面补充说明宾语的动作、状态、特征。
v 1) The government appointed(任命)her chief delegate (首席代表)to
the conference.
v 2) I don’t believe the story true.
v 3) You should put your things in order(有序).
v 4) The doctor advised her to stay in bed for a week.
v 5) We saw the pupils playing basketball.
5、表语：位于系动词如be之后，说明主语身份，特征，属性或状态。
v 1)Wang’s father is a doctor.
v 2) He is always careless.
v 3) The basketball match is on.
v 4) All the pupils are on the playground now.
v 5) Our aim is to win more medals.
v 6) His work is teaching French.
v 7) The question is who can really repair the machines.
还有位于以下系动词后面的词，我们也称之为表语：
表示感官的：look\seem(看起来) 、sound(听起来)、smell(闻起来)、taste(尝起来)、feel(感觉起来)：
He looks disappointed(形容词作表语)他看起来很失望。
The rubbish smells terrible.垃圾很难闻。
表示变化的：get、become、turn(变得)。It becomes hotter and hotter(形容词作表语).
天变得越来越热了。
6、定语:是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，翻译常用‘……的’表示。
v Tom is a handsome boy. The two boys are students.
v His boy needs Tom's pen. The boy in the classroom needs a
pen of yours.
v The boy needs a ball pen. The best boy here is Tom.
v There is nothing to do today. The smiling boy needs a pen
bought by his mother.转自环 球 网 校edu24ol.com
v This is the new dictionary which I bought yesterday.
7、状语：状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，说明方式、因果、条件、时间、地点、让步、方向、程度、目的等。
v 1) She sings quite well.
v 2) On Sundays, there is no student in the classroom.
v 3) He sits there, asking for a pen.
v 4) The boy needs a pen to do his homework.
v 5) If I have some spare time, I will read some story-books.
8、同位语是在名词或代词之后并列名词或代词对前者加以说明的成分，近乎于后置定语。如：
v We students should study hard. / (students是we的同位语，都是指同一批‘学生’)
v We all are students. / (all是we的同位语，都指同样的‘我们’)
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