2018年成人英语三级考试预测试卷及答案-阅读理解(47)
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The night is not what it was. Once, the earth was cast half in shadow. Then came fire, candle, and light bulb, gradually drawing back the curtain of darkness. But a brigh-ter world has its drawbacks. An estimated 30 percent of outdoor lighting——plus even someindoor lighting——is wasted. Inefficient lighting costs U. S. about $10. 4 billion a year, ac-cording to bob Gent of the International Dark-Sky Association, a nonprofit that aims tocontrol light pollution.
Last year, in Sydney, an estimated 2.2 million Australians switched off their lights during "Earth Hour", briefly reducing that city's energy use by more than 10 per-cent.
Motivated by such trends, more than two dozen cities worldwide went dim on March29 this year in an hour-long demonstration.
A number of groups are trying to measure light pollution and assess its effect on the environment in the hope that people will reduce their own contribution to the prob-lem. Scientists are trying to report how many stars we can see. In dark rural areas, about2,000 stars are typically visible at night, compared with "maybe five" in a bright city square——and about 5,000 in centuries past.
People who are working while others are star-gazing may facethe greatest risks.
Nighttime exposure to white light can cause the growth of tumors (肿瘤), experi-ments show. Two decades of research indicate that women who work at night shifts have unusually high rates of breast cancer.
21.The word "drawbacks" in the first paragraph probably means __________.
A.benefits
B.interests
C.effects
D.problems
答案：D
22.The International Dark-Sky Association is an organization that __________.
A.strongly opposes outdoor light services
B.has lost some money in energy trade
C.has profited from the lighting business
D.makes efforts to reduce light pollution
答案：D
23.On March 29 this year people in many cities around the world__________.
A.turned out some lights for an hour
B.organize some events to have some fun
C.held an demonstration called "Earth Hour"
D.joined together to compete with Australians
答案：A
24.Scientists counted the number of stars__________.
A.to illustrate the impact of light pollution
B.to compare air quality in different areas
C.to see how the sky has changed with time
D.to arouse public interest in space
答案：A
25.People who work at night __________.
A.lose the chance to gaze stars
B.have a higher risk of health problem
C.have less exposure to white light
D.are able to blame for light pollution
答案：B
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