2013年成人英语三级语法知识:定语从句与同位语从句的区别
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1.定语从句修饰限定先行词，它与先行词是修饰关系;同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容，
它与先行词是同位关系。
The plane that has just taken off is for Paris.(定语从句)
刚起飞的那架飞机是开往巴黎的。
The fact that he has already died is quite clear.(同位语从句)
他已去世了，这个事实很明了。
2.定语从句由关系代词或关系副词引导，关系词在从句中担当相应句子成分，关系代词在从句中作宾语时经常可省略。同位语从句主要由连词that 引导，在从句中一般不担当成分;有时由where, when, how, who, whether, what 等连词引导，这些连词则在从句中担当成分。
The news that he told me is true. (定语从句)他告诉我的消息是真的。
The news that he has just died is true. (同位语从句) 他刚刚去世了，这个消息是真的。
The problem that we are facing now is how we can collect so much money.
(定语从句) 我们现在面临的问题是如何筹集这么多资金。
The problem how we can collect so much money is difficult to solve. (同位语从句)
我们如何筹集这么多资金，这个问题很难解决。
The question that he raised puzzled all of us. (定语从句)
他提出的问题让我们很为难。
The question whether he is sure to win the game is hard to answer. (同位语从句)
他是否一定会赢得那场比赛，这个问题很难回答。
3.同位语从句与先行词一般可以用动词be发展成一个完整的句子,定语从句则不能。
A. The idea that he we could ask the teacher for advice is wonderful. (同位语从句)
我们可以向老师请教，这个主意不错。
The idea was that we could ask the teacher for advice.
B. The fact that the earth moves around the sun is known to all. (同位语从句)
地球围绕太阳转，这个事实人人皆知。
The fact is that the earth moves around the sun.
C. Pay attention to the problem how we can protect the wild animals. (同位语从句)
请注意如何保护野生动物这个问题。
The problem is how we can protect the wild animals.
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