2013年成人英语三级语法辅导：从句
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学位英语考试中重点语法知识主要包括：时态、语态、情态动词、虚拟语气、非谓语动词、从句、倒装句、强调句、主谓一致等。现在我们主要学习有关从句的语法知识点。学位英语从句主要考状语从句、定语从句、主语从句、宾语从句。
1.状语从句
状语从句有很多种，让步状语从句是个难点。让步状语从句主要由以下一些词或词组引导：though, although, even if, even though, whether…or…, no matter wh-(或how), whatever(whoever, whichever等)。
1)Young _____ he is, he knows what is a right thing to do.
A. that B. as
C. although D. however
正确答案是B。as也可以引导让步状语从句，但通常把被强调的形容词或副词等放在句首。
2)_____，you must show your ticket to go into the cinema.
A. No matter whomever you are B. In whomever you are
C. Whoever you are D. No matter who are you
四个选择项中，A中的Whomever多了ever，B项中in whomever部分格式不对，D项的语序不对，只有C是正确的。
2.定语从句
定语从句又分限制性和非限制性定语从句。考生要特别注意非限制定语从句的用法。从形式上看，限制性定语从句由who ,whom ,whose ,which ,that 等关系代词或when ,why, where等关系副词引导，不用逗号把主句和从句分开。而非限制性定语从句中不会出现that，而且要用逗号把主句和从句分开。
1)The United States is composed of fifty states, two of _____ are separated from the others by land or water.
A. them B. that
C. which D. those
正确答案为C。在非限制性定语从句中，关系代词前面可能会有介词，在介词前面还可能有其它限定词，这就更复杂一些，需特别注意。
2)An old friend from abroad, _____ I was expecting to stay with，telephoned me from the airport .
A. that B. whom
C. who D. Which
这是一个非限制性定语从句，正确答案是B，因为此处的whom 是stay with 的逻辑宾语。
3.主语从句
主语从句在主从复合句中充当主语，可以引导主语从句的词有what, that以及who, why, where, when等连接代词或连接副词。为避免头重脚轻，特别是在口语中，通常设it为形式主语，与下边这些结构连用。
It is a pity that …It is an honor that …
It is a shame that …It is a good thing that …
It is a fact that …It is a surprise that …
以及
It is strange that …It is surprising that …
It is true that … It is fortunate that …
It is necessary that … It is possible(impossible)that …
1)_____ I saw was two men crossing the street.
A. What B. Whom
C. Who D. That
答案为A。
2)It is desirable that he _____.
A.gives up trying B. give up trying
C. would give up trying D. is going to give up trying
答案B。本句也是一种虚拟语气句。
4.宾语从句
宾语从句比较简单，它在主从复合句中充当宾语成份，通常可以由that，if, whether及what引导。使用宾语从句时应注意的是，有时可以设it为形式宾语，真正宾语是后边的从句。
例：I always take it for granted that I am far more intelligent than he is.
句子的it指代的是后边that从句的内容。
练习：
1. ____ makes mistakes must correct them.
A. What B. That C. Whoever D. Whatever
2. He works too hard. That is ___ is wrong with him.
A. that which B. that what C. what D. the thing what
3. He asked her ____ she thought she could manage to come the Wednesday of the following week.
A. what B. that C. if D. as
4. Jack could ask for leave on condition ____ he was really ill.
A. for that B. that C. of which D. in which
5. He spoke confidently, ____impressed me most.
A. so that B. that C. it D. which
6. People are still talking about the historic event of years ago, ____ man walked in space for the first time.
A. when B. how C. because D. while
7. It wasn’t such a good dinner ____ she had promised us.
A. that B. which C. as D. what
8. ____ is known to the world, Mark Twain is a great American writer.
A. That B. Which C. As D. It
9. I’ll accept any job ____ I don’t have to get up early.
A. lest B. as long as C. in case D. though
10. They decided to chase the cow away ____ it did more damage.
A. unless B. until C. before D. after
答案：CCCBDACCBC
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