2012年成人英语三级考试语法知识指导(6)
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第四节 疑问倒装
疑问句需部分倒装语序，由于经常用到不会成为考试的难点。
如：What part did he play in Hamlet?
Do you prefer tea or coffee?
by可视为被动语态的标志词，by之后的名词短语是句中动作的施动者;在题干中若见到by+名词的结构要优先考虑用被动式
如: The wall is painted by Tom.转自环 球 网 校edu24ol.com
The book was written by Mark Twain.
注意1：by之后如果接的是动名词，则表示方式、手段，不能视为被动式的标志，且此时谓语应用主动式，如：He passed the exam by cheating.
注意2：对于know来讲，一般用be known to 而不用be know by强调句中it作形式主语可以替代任何被强调的部分基本模式：It + be + 强调对象 + who/ whom/that + 句子其余部分
如：It was only you who cared for me. (强调主语)
It is his sister whom /that I have fallen in love with. (强调宾语)
It was under the tree that she found her missing purse. (强调地点状语)
It was last week that I attended an art exhibit for the first time. (强状语)
It was not until he broke my favorite vase that I flew into rages. (强调状语从句)
注意：强调的对象是人时，可用who, whom或that, 其余情况一律用that; 当强调对象在从句中做主语时用who/that, 当强调对象在从句中做宾语时用whom/that.转自环 球 网 校edu24ol.com
虚拟语气
此章内容在TOEFL考点中处于相对次要地位，但在英文中是比较活跃的用法，必须对其有所了解, 这样对读题非常有帮助虚拟语气是英文中一特殊的语言现象，主要用于表达与事实相反的陈述，常表达强烈愿望、遗憾、感慨、后悔、责备、规劝等语义，可大致分为三类
一、对现在事实的虚拟基本形式：If + were /did等过去式…, …would /could /should /might + do
例如：If I were a bird, I would fly to the moon.
(事实上，I’m not a bird, so I will not fly to the moon.)
If she knew who you are, she would go out of joy.
事实上，She doesn’t know, so she still feels joyous.)
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