2011年成人英语三级语法-时态和语态(2)
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5.将来完成时态表示到将来某个时间为止已经完成的动作。如1)和5)。
1)We're late.I expect the film by the time we get to the cinema.(1992.6)
A.had already started
B.will already have started.
C.have already started
D.have already been started转自环 球 网 校edu24ol.com
答案：B
5)All the machines by the end of following week.(1993.6)
A.were repaired
B.will be repaired
C.have been repaired
D.will have been repaired
答案：D
再如：
It's reported that by the end of the month the output of cement in the factory ____ about 10%.
A.will have risen
B.has risen
C.will be rising
D.has been rising
答案：A
6.与现在完成时不同，现在完成进行时则表示某个动作从过去持续到现在，并且仍在进行，如8)和10)。
8)I on the door for ten minutes now without an answer.(1998.6)
A.was knocking
B.am knocking
C.knocking
D.have been knocking
答案：D
10)Since he left the university, he _____ in an accounting company.
A.has been working
B.had worked
C.had been working
D.was working
答案：A
再如：
We have been working on this project for over a month now.
「考试策略」
1)根据时间状语选择时态，特别是完成时的时间状语一般表示"到……为止"，以"by"短语居多。如果句中的时间状语是由by引出的短语或从句，谓语动词一般用完成时态，如：
By the time we got there, the fire had already been put out.
We'll have completed the task by the time you come back.
2)如果没有时间状语，那就根据试题中出现的动作发生的顺序做出判断。如：
He found the book that he had lost.
A B
3)注意特殊句型中的时态，如：转自环 球 网 校edu24ol.com
①hardly/scarcely …when… 和no sooner… than…
Hardly had I put down the receiver when the telephone rang again.
我刚放下话筒，电话又响了。
No sooner had they got to know the news than they went to the bar to enjoy a drink.
他们一得到消息，他们就去酒吧喝酒了。
②祈使句表示一种条件，第二个分句中一般要用will表示在这种条件下可能发生的事情。如：
Turn on the television or open a magazine and you _____ advertisements showing happy families.
A.are often seeing
B.often see
C.will often see
D.have often seen
答案：C
但是，本题中often的使用可能会造成一定的迷惑。这就要求考生对各种时态的表达方式，以及其作用了解清楚。will可以表示习惯。
(二)语态
现在我们一起来看一下三级考试中对语态的考查。语态的考查一般都与时态的考查、情态动词的考查、非谓语动词的考查相结合，在考试中应当考虑这些因素。请做下面的试题：
考例：
1)The course would have been offered this term, but it
A
cancelled because too few students had registered before
B C
registration closed.(2000.6)
D
2)The development of industry has also brought about large
A B
numbers of problems which have to solve.(2002.6)
C D
3)These part-time students expect to offer some jobs on
A B
campus during the coming summer vacation.(2004.4)
C D
4)We shall ask for samples and then we can make our decision.(2003.11)
A.to be sent
B.being sent
C.to have been sent
D.to sent
5)The question at the meeting tomorrow is very important.(2004.11)
A.to discuss
B.being discussed
C.to be discussed
D.will be discussed
6)I can't find the recorder in the room.It by somebody.(2003.11)
A.must have taken
B.may have taken
C.may have been taken
D.should have been taken
7)Being felt that she had done something wonderful, she sat down to rest.(2005.4)
A B C D
8)The dish terrible! I don't like it at all.
A.can't
B.tasted
C.will taste
D.is tasted
9)The goods ______ when we arrived at the airport.
A.were just unloading
B.were just been unloading
C.had just unloaded
D.were just being unloaded
「答案」BDAAC CABD
「评析」 外语教育网版权所有
1.是否可用被动语态主要看谓语动词与句子主语之间的关系，如果是动宾关系自然用被动语态。这样单纯考察被动语态的试题只会出现在辨别改错中，如：1)、2)和3)。
1)The course would have been offered this term, but it
A
cancelled because too few students had registered before
B C
registration closed.(2000.6)
D
答案：B
2)The development of industry has also brought about large
A B
numbers of problems which have to solve.(2002.6)
C D
答案：D
3)These part-time students expect to offer some jobs on
A B
campus during the coming summer vacation.(2004.4)
C D
答案：A
2.考查被动语态和时态的结合，如：9)。
9)The goods __________ when we arrived at the airport.
A.were just unloading
B.were just been unloading
C.had just unloaded
D.were just being unloaded
答案：D
3.考查被动语态和情态动词的结合，如：6)。
6)I can't find the recorder in the room.It by somebody.(2003.11)
A.must have taken
B.may have taken
C.may have been taken
D.should have been taken
答案：C
4.考查被动语态和非谓语动词的结合，如：4)、5)和7)。
4)We shall ask for samples and then we can make our decision.(2003.11)
A.to be sent
B.being sent
C.to have been sent
D.to sent
答案：A
5)The question at the meeting tomorrow is very important.(2004.11)
A.to discuss
B.being discussed
C.to be discussed
D.will be discussed
答案：C
5.转化为系动词的感官动词+表语，这种结构中用动词的主动形式表达被动意义。这样的动词有feel, smell, sound, taste等，如8)。再如：
Good medicine tastes bitter.良药苦口。
This material feels very soft.这种材料摸起来很柔软。
再者：
不及物动词不可能有被动语态，但及物动词也未必有被动语态，主要是看句子侧重表达的概念，如：
This kind of glasses manufactured by experienced craftsmen ____ comfortably.
A.is worn
B.wears
C.wearing
D.are worn
答案：B
题中wear表示眼镜的特点，不可用被动语态。这样的动词有cut, read, sell, wash, wear, write等。例如：
This kind of software sells well.这种软件卖得很好。
The knife cuts well.这把刀很好切。
Nylon underwear washes well.尼龙内衣很容易洗。
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