2010年成人三级英语考试指导：语法(二)

　　(二)被动语态

　　基本形式：

　　时间状态 一般 进行 完成

　　现在 be done be being done have been done

　　过去 was/were done was/were being done had been done

　　将来 will be done will be being done will have been done

　　考试重点：谓语动词的被动语态，情态动词的被动语态;感官动词和使役动词的被动语态;用主动表示被动的含义。

　　1、谓语动词的被动：基本形式见上面表格，多结合时态来考查。

　　例1 The goods ____ when we arrived at the airport.转自环 球 网 校edu24ol.com

　　A.were just unloading B.wrer just been unloading C.had just unloaded D.were just being unloaded

　　【答案】D(2006年4月22题)

　　例2 He _____ when the bus came to a sudden stop.

　　A.was almost hurt B.was almost to hurt himself C.was almost hurt himself D.was almost hurting himself

　　【答案】A(2005年4月33题)

　　2、情态动词的被动语态构成：情态动词+be+过去分词

　　例：I can′t find the recorder in the room. It _____ by somebody.

　　A. must have taken B.may have taken C.may have been taken D.should have been taken

　　【答案】C(2003年11月22题)

　　此题考察的是综合知识点。首先是被动语态，录音机被人拿走了。另外还考察了情态动词加完成式表 考 易网提供

　　示对过去时间的推测。

　　3、感官动词及使役动词(如：see，feel，hear，watch，make，bid)在主动语态中用无to不定式作宾

　　补，改为被动语态时不定式前要加to

　　例1 Because of many mistakes，she was made _____ these letters again.

　　A.tape B.to typing C.typed D.to type

　　【答案】D(2006年11月22题)本句的意思是：因为错误太多，她又把字重新打了一遍。

　　4、用主动表示被动的含义

　　(1)need/require+doing sth.(=to be done)(此句型主语大多为物)。

　　例1 It is hot and dry;the flowers need _____ . A.being watered B.be watered C.to water D.to be watered

　　【答案】D(2006年11月23题)本句的意思是：天气又热又干燥，花需要浇水。

　　例2 My room is a mess.It needs _____ . A.to be tidying up B.tidying up C.to tidy up D.tidied up

　　【答案】B(2000年47题)本句的意思是：我的房间很乱，需要收拾。

　　(2)sell，wash，read，write，run等动词带状语修饰时。

　　例：This kind of clothes sells well.这种衣服卖得很好。The pen writes smoothly.这支笔书写流利。

　　(3)主语 + sound(feel，look，smell，taste)+形容词。

　　例：The dish ____ _ terrible!I don′t like it at all. A.tastes B.tasted C.will taste D.is tasted

　　【答案】A(2005年11月19题) 本句的意思是：这盘菜太难吃了，我一点也不喜欢。

　　被动语态配套练习

　　1. The middle-aged man was seen _____ out of the house on the afternoon of the murder.

　　A.came B.come C.to come D.have come

　　2. This kind of glasses manufactured by experienced craftsmen ____ comfortably.

　　A.in worn B.wearing C.wears D.are worn

　　3. This out-of-date teaching method ___ _ .转自环 球 网 校edu24ol.com

　　A.must do away with B.must have done away with C.must being done away with D.must be done away wish

　　4. A fire _____ during the night and a large number of houses ____ _ to ashes.

　　A.broke out ， were burnt B.was broke out ， were burnt C.broke out ， burnt D.set out ， were burned

　　5. English _____ in Australia. A.speaks B.are spoken C.is soeaking D.is spoken

　　6. A new house ____ at the corner of the road.

　　A.is building B.is being built C.been bulit D.be building

　　7. His new book _____ next month.

　　A.will be published B.is publishing C.si beding published D.has been published

　　8. _____ the watch been repaired yet? I bably need it. A.Does B.Has C.Is D.Are

　　9. The flowers ___ _ often. A.must be water B.must be watered C.must watered D.must water

　　10. The pot ___ _ for ____ _ hot water.

　　A.used;keeping B.was used;keeping C.is used;to keep D.are used;keep

　　11. How dirty the tables are ! They need _____ . A.to clean B.clean C.cleaning D.cleaned

　　12. Newly-born babies _____ in hospital.

　　A.are taken good care B.are taken good care of C.take good care of D.take good care

　　13. The apple _____ very sweet. A.is tasted B.taste C.tastes D.are tasting

　　14.-What do you think of the TV play?

　　-Wonderful. It is worth _____ a second time.

　　A.watching B.watched C.seen D.seeing

　　15.A photo _____ each time that button ______ .

　　A.has taken;has pushed B.has been taken;has pushed C.is taken;will be pushed D.is taken;is pushed

　　选择题参考答案：

　　1C 2C 3D 4A 5D 6B 7A 8B 9B 10B 11C 12B 13C 14A 15D

　　(四)情态动词

　　情态动词用来表示能力、允许、许诺、可能、劝告、意愿等概念或态度。情态动词无人称变化，在句子中和动词原形一起构成谓语。从这几年的考试看，着重测验情态动词接完成时的用法，尤其是与虚拟语气结合来考查学生的掌握情况。另外情态动词表推测也成为今年考查重点，须引起重视。

　　1.must+完成时 表示对已发生的事情的一种肯定的猜测

　　例1 Since this road is wet and slippery this morning，it ____ last night.

　　A.must rain B.was raining C.must have rained D.may rain

　　【答案】C(2004年11月35题)

　　例 2 I believe he ____ an accident，otherwise he would have arrived on time.

　　A.would have had B.could have had C.should have had D.must have had

　　【答案】D(2001年58题)

　　例3 Mr.Green ____ my letter，otherwise be would have replied before now.

　　A.must have received B.must have failed to receive C.must receive D.must fail to receive

　　【答案】B(1998年44题)

　　例4 She ___ be ill because I saw her playing tennis just now.A.can′t B.could′t C.mustn′t D.may not

　　【答案】C(2006年11月30题)

　　例2 You ought ____ the matter to the manager the day before yesterday.

　　A.to report B.to have reported C.to reporting D.have reported

　　【答案】B(2003年11月36题)

　　例3 I′m sorry I couldn′t get in touch with him before be left，I ____ him earlier.

　　A.had a telephone B.have phoned C.should have phoned D.should be phoned

　　【答案】C(2000年26题)

　　2.could/might + 完成时 表示能做的事情而没有做。表示对过去能做而未做的事情感到惋惜、遗憾。

　　例1 He could have joined us，but he didn′t get our invitation in time.

　　他本来能够和我们在一起，但是他没有及时收到我们的请柬。

　　例2 He might have given you more help，but he was busy then.

　　他本来可以给你更多帮助的，但他那时很忙。

　　例3 He abandoned a career that _____ to his becoming one of the most influential people in the world.

　　A.could have led B.would lead C.should have led D.must lead

　　【答案】A(2005年11月33题)

　　情态动词配套练习

　　1. You ____ read that article if you don′t want to. A.haven′t B.can′t C.mustn′t D.needn′

　　2. -That car must have cost a lot of money. -Oh，no，_____.

　　A.it mustn′t B.it hasn′t C.it doesn′t D.it didn′t

　　3. The road was muddy. It ____ last night.

　　A.must rained B.must have rained C.must be rained D.could have rained

　　4. I ____ asleep in the corner，for I remember nothing of what happened during the night.

　　A.might fall B.must fall C.must have fallen D.can have fallen

　　5. I′m feeling sick.I ____ so much chocolate.

　　A.needn′t have eaten B. couldn′t have eaten C. mustn′t have eaten D. shouldn′t have eaten

　　6. As he had heart attack，he was told that he_____continue the work.

　　A.needn′d B.may not C.mustn′t D. can′t

　　7. Mr.Green ____ my letter，otherwise he would have replied before now.

　　A.must have received B.must have failed to receive C.must receive D.must fail to receive

　　8. You could have done things they ought ____ .

　　A.didn′t you B. couldn′t you C. hadn′t you D.shouldn′t you

　　9.They have done things they ought ____ .

　　A.not to do B.not to be done C.not to have done D.not having done

　　10. Something must have happened on their way. Or they ____ by now.

　　A.should have arrived B.should arrive C.would have arrived D.would arrive

　　11. -I heard they went skiing in the mountains last winter.

　　-It ____ true because there was little snow there.

　　A.may not be B.won′t be C.couldn′t be D.mustn′be

　　12. -Shall we go skating or stay at home?

　　-Which ____ do yourself?

　　A.do you rather B.would you rather C.will you rather D.should you rather

　　13.I know things are hard with you，but you ____ try to get over the difficulties.

　　A.can B.may C.must D.ought

　　14. Someone is coming here. Who ____ it be? A.will B.shall C.must D.can

　　15. -May I stop here? -No，you ___ _ . A.mustn′t B.might not C.needn′t D.won′t

　　【答案】A(2005年10月20题)

　　2、should(ought to)+完成时 表示应该做的事情而没有做，否定式表示不该做的事情做了。含有对

　　过去的动作的责备、批评。

　　例1 You ought ____ the matter to the manager the day before yesterday.

　　A.oughtn′t to go B.hadn′t gone C.shouldn′t have gone D.mustn′have gone

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