2022考研英语阅读技巧：词义句意题

传统阅读可分为：主旨大意题、推断题、例证题、词义句意题、情感态度题、细节题，6大题型。接下来，以词义句意题为例，讲解阅读解题技巧。

词义句意题考察的是根据上下文推测生词难句的能力。一般在阅读中所占分值在：4-6分。首先，要会识别词义句意题：题干：the word/ sentence “ ______” is closet meaning to ______.这个题型在识别上难度不大，但是很多同学做到这个题目，第一反应就是考词汇量或者是理解句子的能力，其实不然。根据大纲，这道题的考查方向在于“推测”，也就是能够根据上下文“猜词”。那么上下文如何猜测词义呢?这需要回到学术性议论文的体裁特点上了，学术性议论文上下文之间具有很紧密的语义关系，所以我们可以通过上下文之间的语义关系来解题。

语义关系分为：语义一致和语义相反。词义句意题就可以根据这两个语义关系来解题。

一、语义一致：

(2010 年 text 3) ....For a social epidemic to occur, however, each person so affected must then influence his or her own acquaintances, who must in turn influence theirs, and so on; and just how many others pay attention to each of these people has little to do with the initial influential. If people in the network just two degrees removed from the initial influential prove resistant, for example, the cascade of change won’t propagate very far or affect many people.

34. The underlined phrase “these people” in paragraph 4 refers to the ones who ______.

[A] stay outside the network of social influence

[B] have little contact with the source of influence

[C] are influenced and then influence others

[D] are influenced by the initial influential

解题：这道题问“these people”指的是_____.由题干判断为词义句意题，定位到原文找到前后语义关系：“each person so affected must then influence his or her own acquaintances, who must in turn influence theirs, and so on; and...”所以，根据分号和“and”判断前后语义一致，根据分号前的内容“must then influence; who must in turn influence theirs..”，可判断出正确答案为C项。

二、语义相反：

2006 年 text 1) In spite of “endless talk of difference,” American society is an amazing machine for homogenizing people. There is “the democratizing uniformity of dress and discourse, and the casualness and absence of deference” characteristic of popular culture.

21. The word “homogenizing” (Line 2, Para. 1) most probably means _______.

[A] identifying

[B] associating

[C] assimilating

[D] monopolizing

解题：根据题干判断为词义句意题。定位到“homogenizing”所在的句子。根据关键词：“In spite of 尽管”，判断homogenizing所在的句子与前面的从句之间语义相反：“In spite of “endless talk of difference,””该句强调：“difference”不同，根据语义相反，homogenizing所在句应该是强调“相同”那么对应后一句，这一层含义只能与homogenizing对应，所以该题选C项。

根据这两个题目，我们发现词义句意题可用语义关系解题，不需要完全依靠词汇量以及阅读理解能力，所以把握文章的逻辑语义关系对于解题十分重要。

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